Committee Chair

Rausch, David W.

Committee Member

Taylor, Jessica N.; Crawford, Elizabeth K.; Smith, Christine B.

Department

Dept. of Applied Leadership and Learning

College

College of Health, Education, and Professional Studies

Publisher

University of Tennessee at Chattanooga

Place of Publication

Chattanooga (Tenn.)

Abstract

The misuse and misinterpretations of statistical analyses in medical research have been discussed for several decades and many authors have suggested this has led to poor clinical decision-making. Significance testing, the conventional statistical approach in medical research, has been suggested to be the leading cause of the misunderstandings. Despite the extensive discussion in the literature, there is limited evidence on whether the problems in medical research are linked to the lack of usefulness of significance testing with clinicians’ decision-making process. The purpose of this study was to investigate what statistical information in published research articles surgeons found valuable for their clinical decision-making. The aim was to build a validated instrument that could effectively describe the findings. The findings suggest surgeons favor information that supports statistical prediction and refining surgical skills. Personal advice from credible surgeons and technique articles were rated similarly in usefulness to meta-analyses and prospective cohort studies. The term “significance” was found to be a noisy term and had a subjective meaning based on the reader’s interpretation. Significance testing and confidence intervals were rated to have the same value. When comparing the informal definition of confidence intervals to p-values, confidence intervals were rated more useful than p-values. A modified formula of expected utility theory has been presented to account for a skill’s conditional effect on a decision’s outcomes.

Degree

Ph. D.; A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

Date

5-2026

Subject

Confidence intervals; Medical care--Decision making--Statistical methods; Medicine--Research--Statistical methods; Statistical hypothesis testing

Keyword

Decision-making; confidence intervals; significance testing; surgical research; statistics

Document Type

Doctoral dissertations

DCMI Type

Text

Extent

x, 117 leaves

Language

English

Rights

http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/

License

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/

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